hypokalemia nursing diagnosis

If experiencing hyperkalemia, limit these foods in the diet. Potassium can be obtained as a dietary supplement but is naturally available in many foods. Nursing Diagnosis Manual: Planning, Individualizing, and Documenting Client CareIdentify interventions to plan, individualize, and document care for more than 800 diseases and disorders. 2. Hypokalemia | Definition & Patient Education - Healthline Start a strict input and output monitoring. Possible causes of hypokalemia include the following: Possible causes of hyperkalemia include the following: Signs and symptoms of potassium imbalance include: To ensure proper functioning and homeostasis the body must maintain a dynamic equilibrium of fluids and electrolytes. Monitor pulse rate and blood pressure.Hyperkalemia can cause irregular pulse rates and reduces blood artery wall tension which lowers blood pressure. Determine the patients independence in performing activities.Promote and assist in patient ambulation and independence in self care. Planning:- The nurse will monitor for dysrrythmias, assess electrocargraphic Recordings and report changes that are related to cardiopulmonary resuscitation may be required but is seldom successful with severe hypokalemia because the heart muscle wil, respond. 2023 nurseship.com. While some can be found in the bones, liver, and red blood cells, 98% is found in the muscle cells. Potassium also maintains normal neuromuscular contraction by participation in the sodium-potassium pump. To treat the kidney disease if this is the underlying cause of hyperkalemia. Excessive alcohol intake is known to reduce potassium levels. Nursing Intervention for Hypokalemia Disease: There are different types of nursing interventions for hypokalemia, . do you see all the information i began to generate from those two pieces of information? Potassium regulates fluid and facilitates muscular contraction and nerve activity. Her experience spans almost 30 years in nursing, starting as an LVN in 1993. Nursing diagnoses handbook: An evidence-based guide to planning care. Hypokalemia nursing diagnosis Tips and Tricks From Doctors. Because potassium can only be administered slowly and in small doses via a peripheral IV, a central line is recommended to correct hypokalemia more quickly. Intravenous calcium, which helps prevent life-threatening conduction disturbances by stabilizing the cardiac muscle cell membrane, should be administered if ECG changes are present.24,25,35 Intravenous calcium has no effect on plasma potassium concentration. Medical conditions related to the breakdown or injury to cells can cause high potassium levels in the blood. Inform him/her the target range for serum potassium levels. Obtain ECG and observe signs of dysrhythmias.A potassium imbalance may result in alterations in ECG findings since potassium is essential for both depolarization (contraction) and repolarization (relaxation) of the heart. Nursing Diagnosis: Acute Confusion Related to: Dehydration Electrolyte imbalance Impaired metabolism Urinary retention As evidenced by: Cognitive dysfunction Brunner and Suddarths textbook of medical-surgical nursing (13th ed.). 7. Review drug regimen for medications containing potassium or affecting potassium excretion such as spironolactone (Aldactone), hydrochlorothiazide (Maxzide), amiloride (Midamor), and penicillin G.Requires regular monitoring of potassium levels and may require alternate drug choices or changes in the dosage or frequency. Obtain daily blood sample from the patient. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. Hypokalemia can become life threatening if it affects the heart muscle, causes paralysis, or impairs the functioning of the lungs. Priority nursing diagnoses allnurses. It should be noted that the recommended dose of nebulized albuterol (10 to 20 mg) is four to eight times greater than the typical respiratory dose. Blood pressure medications. Clinicians should review patients' medications to identify those known to cause hyperkalemia, and ask patients about the use of salt substitutes that contain potassium. Both conditions can be fatal and life-threatening; hence the need for prompt medical management depending on the severity. Hypokalemia is often caused by an excessive loss of potassium in your digestive tract due to vomiting, diarrhea or laxative use. In response to acidosis, extracellular hydrogen is exchanged for intracellular potassium, although the net result is highly variable and depends in part on the type of acidosis; metabolic acidosis produces the greatest effect.26 Because 98% of total body potassium is intracellular, any process that increases cell turnover, such as rhabdomyolysis, tumor lysis syndrome, or red blood cell transfusions, can result in hyperkalemia. IV fluids with added potassium would be appropriate for dehydrated and hypokalemic patients, or if the patient required ongoing diuretic administration despite low potassium. 9. Occasionally, low potassium is caused by not getting enough potassium in your diet. Oral potassium does not correct the problem, If hypokalemia is causing abnormal heart rhythms, Switching to potassium-sparing diuretics if needed, Treatment of kidney disease, which includes dialysis, Elimination disorders related to increase in urine volume (polyuria). Potassium is an electrolyte needed primarily for muscle and nerve tissue function. Recommended nursing diagnosis and nursing care plan books and resources. Potassium is contraindicated if oliguria or anuria is present. Low magnesium levels. To provide a more specialized care for the patient in terms of nutrition and diet in relation to the electrolyte imbalance. This must be given at a controlled slow rate as potassium solution may cause a burning sensation on the infusion site. Educate the patient about the role of potassium in the body. A 57-year old male presents to the ED with complaints of nausea, weakness, heart palpitations, and mild shortness of breath. While mild hyperkalemia is usually asymptomatic, high potassium levels may cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, or paralysis. Potassium (K) is a major cation in intracellular fluid (ICF). P. otassium functions to maintain fluid balance, to regulate nerve signals, and to help with muscle contractions. Teach the patient on how to follow a low potassium diet. High alcohol intake. Inhaled Beta Agonists. A person viewing it online may make one printout of the material and may use that printout only for his or her personal, non-commercial reference. Potassium is a main intracellular electrolyte. Short-term goal: By the end of the shift the patient will experience a resolution of heart palpitations and shortness of breath, with no further PVCs seen on ECG.Advertisementsif(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'nurseship_com-leader-2','ezslot_8',642,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-nurseship_com-leader-2-0'); Long-term goal: The patient will maintain a normal potassium level, monitoring for recurrent signs and symptoms of hypokalemia. NurseTogether.com does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. 1. Some medications can cause abnormal blood potassium levels. To provide information on hyperkalemia and its pathophysiology in the simplest way possible. Buy on Amazon, Gulanick, M., & Myers, J. L. (2017). document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Potassium supplement. Diabetic ketoacidosis. Hyperkalemia & Hypokalemia Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Care Plan Nursing Diagnosis Excess Fluid Volume May be related to Excess fluid or sodium intake. Evaluation begins with a search for warning signs or symptoms warranting urgent treatment (Figure 1).7,14 These include weakness or palpitations, changes on electrocardiography (ECG), severe hypokalemia (less than 2.5 mEq per L [2.5 mmol per L]), rapid-onset hypokalemia, or underlying heart disease or cirrhosis.7,15 Most cases of hypokalemia-induced rhythm disturbances occur in individuals with underlying heart disease.10 Early identification of transcellular shifts is important because management may differ. When defined as a value of less than 3.6 mmol of potassium per . NANDA International Nursing Diagnoses: Definitions & Classification, 2021-2023The definitive guide to nursing diagnoses is reviewed and approved by NANDA International. Hyperkalemia affects this process therefore causing inadequate nerve impulses to signal the heart muscles to contract properly causing arrhythmia and palpitations. A focused history includes evaluation for possible GI losses, review of medications, and assessment for underlying cardiac comorbidities. 2. 4. Review the patients diet.Potassium levels can be influenced by the amount of potassium that is being consumed. Hypokalemia means low blood potassium levels. She is a clinical instructor for LVN and BSN students and a Emergency Room RN / Critical Care Transport Nurse. Monitor laboratory results, such as serum potassium and arterial blood gases, as indicated.Evaluate therapy needs and effectiveness. Beta-blockers. Other medical causes. Medical conditions can also cause abnormal potassium levels; therefore, treatment also includes correcting the main cause of abnormal potassium levels. It can result in serious injury or death if it becomes too high or too low. This material may not otherwise be downloaded, copied, printed, stored, transmitted or reproduced in any medium, whether now known or later invented, except as authorized in writing by the AAFP. Abnormal potassium levels commonly occur due to the following: Abnormal potassium levels can easily become a medical emergency as it can cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. PO potassium can cause stomach upset so its best to administer with food or after meals. Hypokalemia Nursing Care Plan - RN speak Generally, hypokalemia is a medical, not a surgical, condition. Monitor urine output.In kidney failure, potassium is retained because of improper excretion. Her nursing career has brought her through a variety of specializations, including medical-surgical, emergency, outpatient, oncology, and long-term care. For the prevention of hypokalemia in patients with persistent losses, as with ongoing diuretic therapy or hyperaldosteronism, 20 mmol per day is usually sufficient.15, Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts (Table 2).8,24 The etiology of hyperkalemia is often multifactorial, with impaired renal function, medication use, and hyperglycemia as the most common contributors.25 Because healthy individuals can adapt to excess potassium consumption by increasing excretion, increased potassium intake is rarely the sole cause of hyperkalemia, and underlying renal dysfunction is common.24.

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